Planning for the transport of goods. System for planning delivery routes and managing the transportation of products Planning the costs of transporting goods in an organization

A detailed business plan for cargo transportation, presented in this article, will outline a clear path for the implementation and development of this business.

Capital investment: from 1,185,000 rubles.
Payback: 1.5-2 years.

Far from always trucking business plan will be made by those who are really thoroughly versed in this area.

More often, entrepreneurs simply see the potential and high profitability of such a direction.

And those who themselves worked as a loader and suddenly decided to earn money without any plan make a mistake.

It is absolutely necessary.

Otherwise, it is impossible to receive credit funds or investments for opening and development.

And even if you use only your own capital, only a plan painted on paper will allow you to outline a clear path for implementation and development.

Goals of a business plan for trucking

The “open” business plan for cargo transportation should be information about what the company will do in general.

At the moment there are several main services:

• support of moving of individuals and legal entities (houses, apartments, offices, cottages);
• cargo transportation of commercial products;
• sending large cargoes;
• provision of personnel for loading and unloading operations;
• less popular service than the above - storage of goods.

The list of services provided depends on the staff of the company, the number and types of company vehicles, as well as the amount of potential revenue.

Of course, the more choices you give your customers, the better.

Marketing section of a trucking business plan

Marketing strategy is an important section not only of a business plan for cargo transportation, but also of business in general.

As a rule, they begin with a study of the relevance of the chosen direction.

We can confidently say about the transportation of goods: it is relevant and in demand.

The service is ordered by individuals, enterprises, corporate networks.

It is important for customers that the goods are delivered as quickly and accurately as possible.

The relevance of the business will disappear only when the need to transport goods from point A to point B disappears.

Can you imagine such a situation?

Even if essential goods (bread, medicines, etc.) need to be brought to stores from factories.

All this indicates that developing an enterprise in this area is a relevant idea.

Competitive advantages of your cargo transportation

In the current conditions of high competition, in order to open a cargo transportation and promote a business, you need something to stand out from others.

Of course, the entrepreneur himself determines the strengths of the enterprise.

But among the potential options you can use:

• an extensive fleet of vehicles - it is possible to pick up a car for a specific task or the wishes of the customer;
• service of any clients - both physical and legal;
• additional bonuses - for example, free packaging;
• cargo tracking system;
• round-the-clock work;
• introduction of related additional services and others.

How to advertise trucking?

To select advertising options for cargo transportation, an entrepreneur must clearly understand his target audience.

In this area, we are talking about people of the middle and high class, the age category of 25-45 years.

In a trucking business plan, you should highlight promotional methods that will attract this audience to use your services.

These can be such ways:

• print a batch of business cards with a good design;
• distribute business cards or leaflets among acquaintances, in places where potential customers gather, give them to those who have already used your services;
• order the development of a website (as a rule, a one-page site is quite enough for the needs of a small trucking company);
• Promote your site with contextual advertising.

And the best promotion method for any business is word of mouth.

Freight opening plan

The theoretical part of the business plan, devoted to the analysis of information, is only a preparation for the transition to practical data.

Let's consider step by step everything that concerns the organization of a cargo transportation company.

Registration of business on cargo transportation

You can open a cargo transportation business after you register an IP.

This is a simple process, for which it is enough to contact the tax office at the place of residence, having a passport with you.

If you do it yourself it is not possible, it is really possible to do everything with the help of intermediaries.

However, in case you are stopped by the fear of the complexity of the procedure, do not worry!

Making an IP is really simple, and such an experience will obviously not be superfluous.

You will also need to choose one of the taxation options:

• a simplified system is the most popular option for small businesses;
• general system - paying all taxes in full for a start-up trucking company is too ruinous;
• a single tax is an option for large cargo transportation organizations with an extensive staff and vehicle fleet.

Choosing an office space

Cargo transportation is not a business area for which the location of the office is of great importance.

However, one thing is for sure - there should be an office.

It may be convenient to work as a dispatcher in your own apartment.

But if you are planning a serious business, then you also need to approach the implementation in a serious way.

It is not necessary to purchase a space.

It is enough to rent square meters.

Theoretically, for telephone conversations, it is enough to choose an office in some call center.

But if you plan to serve corporate clients, you should rent a separate room.

After all, they can come to you to discuss any details or sign papers.

Cargo transportation business plan: what equipment is needed?

In the business plan, it is necessary to display the equipment, without the purchase of which a business organization will not do.

This includes office equipment, and most importantly - a car.

The choice of a car for cargo transportation depends entirely on what services you plan to provide and what cargo to transport.

The most popular choice for conventional cargo transportation is the familiar Gazelle.

Although for furniture and other dimensional transportation, ZIL is more often used.

But some goods require special conditions for transportation in the body (for example, perishable products).

Trucking staff

In a business plan, freight transportation reflects the composition of the state, the level of salaries of employees, even includes the expected bonuses and increase in the rate.

For a small start-up organization, it is enough to hire 2 drivers, a dispatcher and a loader.

Accordingly, if you want to scale the business, the staff will increase.

Financial section of the business plan for cargo transportation

The financial section of a business plan is the most important part.

It is very difficult to organize a profitable business without analysis and preparation.

But without understanding how much money you need, you can’t do cargo transportation at all.

Especially if you are going to attract credit funds or seek the assistance of investors.

Investment in start-up in the business plan of cargo transportation

Consider what capital investments are needed to start a business.

In this example of cargo transportation, a mini-format will be considered using one truck, two drivers working in shifts, one dispatcher and a loader.

And to be successful in the trucking business,

Payback on the business plan of cargo transportation

In the section of the business plan devoted to the calculation of start-up capital investments, a working scheme using one car is considered.

This allows you to organize a business at relatively low costs, and recoup them in 1.5 - 2 years of work.

Moreover, if you do not buy a car, but use it for rent, the payback period will be shorter.

If you have a more solid amount of capital investment and expect to put several cars into operation, the amounts and terms will be different.

When calculating, it will be necessary to build on not only the financial section of the business plan, but also on the location of the office, the advertising strategy used, and so on.

Cargo transportation is a really profitable and promising idea.

Services are in demand, both in megacities and small towns, regardless of the time of year and other factors.

However, such conditions led to the emergence of high competition, both among firms just starting out and among the "giants" of the market.

To get ahead of others, you need to be able to highlight competitive advantages and organize your work competently.

You can deal with this easily if you seriously think about it. trucking business plan and follow it.

If it seems to you that compiling it yourself will not work, you can delegate this task to specialists.

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Any customer, turning to the services of a cargo carrier, expects that the process of cargo transportation will be carried out within the specified time frame. Delay or postponement in the process of cargo transportation plays a negative role. Violation of the delivery time sometimes entails a shift in the delivery time of the goods throughout the chain of participants in the transaction. For example, when ordering the delivery of a batch of perfumes by February 14, the client plans to start selling goods in advance, from the 10th. If, through the fault of the carrier, the goods are delivered on February 15, the whole point of planning sales activities is lost. The profit received by the client will be far from the expected.

For the implementation of timely delivery of goods, as well as in order to retain customers, transportation planning is necessary. The first stage of planning is the collection of data on the transported cargo (name, volume, weight, features of the transportation of goods). It is especially important to clarify with the customer the specific features of the cargo being transported. If the product belongs to the category of perishable goods, delivery should be carried out as soon as possible, subject to a certain temperature regime. These conditions are observed only when transporting perishable goods by special types of vehicles (refrigerators or vans with isothermal booths).

It is necessary to carefully plan the transportation of such types of cargo as oversized cargo or dangerous goods and toxic waste. are transported taking into account many factors, ranging from the quality of the roadway, the presence of power lines and tunnels along the way, and ending with weather conditions. When transporting oversized cargo, special vehicles are used. It can be either an onboard length gauge.

Road transport of dangerous goods must be carried out in compliance with all precautions. The negligent attitude of the carrier can lead to damage to the environment, as well as to the life and health of citizens.

Based on the data received about the cargo, a vehicle is selected for transportation. Small consignments of goods, weighing up to 1.5 tons, can be transported using light-duty trucks. Vehicles can be with a body of both open and closed type, and the body can also be isothermal. Larger loads are transported on vehicles with increased carrying capacity. Transportation of hazardous waste and oil products requires the use of specialized vehicles equipped with additional security systems.

Transportation planning includes not only the selection of the appropriate mode of transport, but also the detailed development of the route, regardless of what type of cargo will be transported. A well-planned route can save time and nerves for all participants in the transportation process. The dispatcher or forwarder will not have to puzzle over the difficulties that have arisen in the process of trucking, the client will be satisfied with the efficient work of the transport organization. A separate point in planning the forthcoming delivery of cargo is such items as cargo insurance, as well as the possibility of its escort. Prior to the start of transportation, these points must be discussed with the customer and the result recorded in the contract for the provision of services.

One of the important points of the process of cargo transportation is the planning of those. This procedure is necessary for the successful implementation of a project. After all, it is a clear study of all stages of cargo transportation that can guarantee the absence of any problems throughout the entire transport process.

As a rule, the logistics department is responsible for planning the transportation of goods. Not all transportation companies are able to have their own logistics specialists. Various organizations professionally engaged in such activities come to their rescue. Traditionally, the procedure for planning cargo transportation is usually divided into several stages:

1. Measurement (determination of cargo parameters)

The length, width, height, weight, design features of the transported cargo are taken into account. Thanks to the data obtained, specialists can attribute the cargo to a certain class - oversized, heavy, dangerous, etc.

2. Choice of carrier (vehicle)

Depending on the characteristics that the cargo will have and on which class it will be assigned to, logisticians select the appropriate transport. For example, for the transportation of oversized cargo, trawls or low loaders are most often chosen, for the transportation of boxes, cylinders, etc. covered wagons, trucks and gazelles are best suited. The choice of transport is carried out based on the goals of economy and expediency. Agree, it is silly to use a Huge truck to transport three boxes, or to try to squeeze a load of non-standard sizes into a gazelle.

3. Planning a route

By the way, the choice of transport also depends to some extent on the features of the route. Drawing up a route, namely laying the path from the place of loading of the goods to the place of its unloading, is necessary in order to calculate the time it will take for transportation, as well as to foresee possible difficulties. When drawing up the route, various factors are taken into account - the season, the type of carrier, the likelihood of transport repairs and the occurrence of traffic jams, and more.

4. Organization of support

In this case, the question is whether escort of the cargo is necessary. As a rule, security is mandatory in the case of transportation of dangerous and some types of oversized cargo. Employees of private security companies or representatives of traffic police may be involved in escort.

5. Loading

At first glance, it seems that this stage is not necessary to plan, but this is not entirely true. Often there are goods that must be dismantled before loading. And this procedure can take a lot of time, as a result of which the carrier can "get out" of the delivery schedule. To prevent this from happening, the loading procedure must be planned down to the smallest detail.

Video: Rental of special equipment and cargo transportation services without intermediaries!

The main task of planning freight traffic is to determine the upcoming volumes, structure and directions. The volume of work of the rolling stock, operating costs and revenues of roads, as well as the contingent depend on the size of transportation. The structure of cargo transportation and freight turnover determines the need for different types of wagons and the size of the supply of new rolling stock. A correctly drawn up transportation plan is the most important condition for the high quality of the entire transportation plan. Therefore, on the basis of the transportation plan, in essence, the indicators of all other sections are determined, i.e. rolling stock work plan, operating cost plan, labor plan, logistics plan, etc.

In terms of transportation, we can distinguish:

volume indicators (departure, reception, arrival, delivery, transportation, cargo turnover);

qualitative indicators (average transportation distance, average traffic density, net freight turnover).

Departure(loading) is determined by summing up the size of the departure (loading) for all stations and sections of the road separation.

Reception cargo from other road sections is also calculated by summing up the amount of acceptance of goods from other road sections at all junction points.

Arrival(unloading) and change cargoes by road section are determined by summation similarly to departure and reception.

Transportation- an indicator that determines the volume of transport production. They can be determined in two ways: by summing departures and receptions from other road sections, or as the sum of arrivals and returns to other road sections.

Transportations are distributed by types of messages:

local- transportation between stations within the road;

export- dispatch of goods to other sections of the road (defined as the difference between departure and local traffic);

import- arrival of goods from other sections of the road (defined as the difference between arrival and local traffic);

transit- transportation of goods received from other sections of the road and following through this section of the road to other sections of the road. Transit can be defined in several ways: acceptance minus import, or delivery minus export, or total traffic minus other types of traffic (import, export, local).

Transport planning by type of traffic is necessary for the correct calculation of the turnover of wagons, as well as the operating costs and revenues of the road department, because the road department does not perform the same number of operations related to the transportation of goods in different messages.

The correctness of the calculations for the preparation of the transportation plan can be checked for individual stations and the road section as a whole.

Checking by stations and sections:

loading + receiving = unloading + delivery .

Check by road division:

unloading + delivery to other departments = loading + receiving from other departments.

In terms of freight traffic, freight flows (traffic density) are also established by sections - general and by directions (round trip).

The densities are equal to the arithmetic mean of the densities at the inlet and outlet of the section in each direction.

The product of the traffic density and the length of the section gives the volume of cargo turnover for the section. Freight turnover by road section is defined as the sum of the freight turnover for individual sections.

Net cargo turnover- an important indicator of the transportation plan, since it characterizes the useful work of transportation.

Average density, or average traffic density is the average freight traffic passing through a unit of line length per unit of time (year). It is equal to the net freight turnover of the road divided by the operational length of the road section.

Average transportation distance- is the average distance traveled by one ton of cargo within the road section. It can be determined by dividing the net freight turnover by the amount of traffic by road section.

An important aspect of the transport process is the planning of cargo transportation. This is characterized both by shortened commercial transaction cycles and increased storage costs, the need to respond to changing consumer demand. Note that the cost of producing some products is 10% of the cost of the product, while the cost of delivery can be up to 50%. To do this, in a competitive environment, to attract buyers is to optimize the design of delivery and transportation planning.
Delivery planning is designed by logistics.
Logisticians are engaged in concretization and detailing of organizational measures related to transportation, this is the choice of route and mode of transport, depending on the type of cargo. Their goal is to reduce transport costs, delivery of goods just in time, maximum satisfaction of the requirements of the customer transportation.
The basis of transportation planning includes the schedule and schedules of transportation, compiled on the basis of systematization of concluded contracts, submitted applications, and the study of cargo flows. The survey of cargo flows can be continuous and interrogation. Continuous inspection is carried out at the same time on all routes, selective - on separate routes. The main methods of obtaining data on cargo flows are divided into two types: reporting and statistical and full-scale. The reporting-statistical method is used in the analysis of data on profits from the transportation of goods on routes and the mass of goods transported. Field examination is carried out by questionnaire or tabular method.
This material serves as the basis for adjusting the route scheme and timetables and traffic schedules.

Schedules and schedules provide:
meeting the needs of the largest number of transportation customers;
maximum use of the capacity of vehicles according to established standards;
minimization of time spent on transportation;
regularity of transportation;
efficient use of vehicles;
relationship with schedules and schedules of other types of vehicles;
minimization of empty runs of vehicles.

Schedule types:
consolidated schedule in tabular form (for all routes for a certain period of time);
station schedule for the control point (for final and intermediate points of routes);
working route schedules (for the transportation of goods on one-time requests or special goods).

A qualitative indicator of planning is the regularity of movement. The movement is considered regular if the vehicles were released on a flight exactly on schedule, passed through the checkpoints in a timely manner and arrived at the final points on schedule (schedule) or within the allowed time deviations.
When planning transportation, it is also necessary to draw up a systematic reserve of vehicles in case of unforeseen circumstances. Such a reserve is up to 5% of the number of cars scheduled for the flight.
In addition, it is also necessary to develop long-term plans that allow you to quickly respond to changes in the situation in the freight transportation market.
These plans are based on the analytical accounting of already completed transportations and include:
dynamics of changes in traffic volumes;
classification of transportation customers into seasonal, permanent, one-time;
grouping of consignees by directions, distance, volume of traffic;
analysis of changes in the cost of transportation (including depreciation);
analysis of the shortcomings of the previous transportation planning.

On these foundations, conceptual approaches to global planning are being developed, recommendations are being developed for routing and upgrading the existing payroll of the fleet.